In a database, you specify whether to use GEOMETRY or GEOGRAPHY when the feature class is created. SDEBINARY = INT GEOMETRY = a GEOMETRY column GEOGRAPHY = a GEOGRAPHY column. In an enterprise geodatabase, the SQL Server data type that is created depends on the GEOMETRY_STORAGE parameter of the DBTUNE configuration keyword used when the feature class was created. See ArcGIS field data types for more information.

The precision and scale specified in ArcGIS can affect the resultant data type created in the database. Other SQL Server data types that can be viewed The third column shows what other SQL Server data types (if any) map to the ArcGIS data type when viewed in ArcGIS. The second column lists the SQL Server data type that will be created in the database. The first column lists the data types available in ArcGIS. Database data types that don't correspond to these types cannot be used directly in ArcGIS client applications. When you create a feature class or table in ArcGIS or add a column to an existing table or feature class using ArcGIS, there are 11 possible data types you can assign to a field. Similarly, when you copy tables containing unsupported data types with ArcGIS, it will only copy the supported data types when you paste the table to another database or a geodatabase, the unsupported data type columns will not be present. If you access your database table directly, unsupported data types won't be displayed in the ArcGIS interface and you cannot edit them through ArcGIS.

When accessing the database table through the Database Connections node in the Catalog tree or through a query layer in ArcMap, ArcGIS filters out any unsupported data types. When you access database tables from ArcGIS, you can work with specific data types. Data types are classifications that identify possible values for and operations that can be done on the data, as well as the way the data in that column is stored in the database. When you create a table or add a column to a table in the database, columns are created as a specific data type.

Arcgis 10.3 field data types